Diagnostic X-ray facilities as per quality control performances in Tanzania

Abstract

Without appropriate Quality Control (QC) and Preventive Maintenance (PM) of x-ray machines in place, the benefits of reduced dose to patient and early diagnosis will not be realized. QC and PM also make it possible to unify x-ray-imaging practices in the country using international image quality guidelines. The impetus for this work came as a result of the concern that the recent increase of x-ray machine acquisitions in Tanzania, with limited technical support to maintain and operate them, can increase radiation risk to patients and lower diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this work was to study the current status of diagnostic x-ray machines in Tanzania in order to produce the data needed to formulate QC and PM policies and strategies to ensure patients receive the lowest possible radiation risk and maximum health benefits from x-ray examinations. Four QC test were performed on a total of 196 x-ray units. Accurate beam alignment and collimation was tested on 80 (41%) units, the timer accuracy was tested on 120 (61%) units, and radiation leakage test was performed on 47(24%) units. PM tests were performed on all 196 x-ray units. The results have shown that of the units tested for QC, 59% failed the kVp test, 57% failed the timer accuracy test 60% failed the beam alignment test, and 20% failed the radiation leakage test. Only 13% of the units passed the PM test: 53% of the units were defective and 34% were out of order. As a result of the PM findings, the government has introduced rehabilitation project to serviceable x-ray units and replacement of non-operational x-ray units. The new units have full support service contracts signed by their suppliers. As a result of QC findings, x-ray maintenance retraining programs have been introduced.