Experience in implementing continuous arterial spin labeling on a commercial MR scanner

Abstract

Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) is a technique for performing quantitative perfusion measurement without the need for exogenous contrast agent administration. This technique has seen limited use in the clinic due to problems of poor sensitivity and the potential for artifacts. Additionally, CASL requires the application of long duration radiofrequency pulses and the acquisition of a large number of images which can cause difficulties when implemented on commercial magnetic resonance (MR) scanners. This work details our experience in implementing CASL on a commercial MR scanner for the measurement of cerebral blood flow, including pitfalls regarding hardware, radiofrequency energy deposition, and practical application in human subjects. Results of studies to determine the optimal acquisition procedures are also presented.